In the current scenario, with EU Commission and NCAs facing new challenges coming up from growing inequalities, huge economic powers in sharing economy and manipulation of the big data, the issue of the suitability of Italian Administrative Judge control over antitrust decisions is again to the fore. Nevertheless the ECHR’s Menarini decision had considered the Italian Judicial control over antitrust fines as “full jurisdiction”, there is a reason which leads to resume this debate. It comes from the binding force of the ICA decisions, provided by Article 7 of the Legislative Decree No. 3/2017, tran- sposing the Directive No. 104/2014 and regarding private enforcement claims. In the light of this mandatory effect, some scholars and pratictioners raise fresh doubts about the appropriateness of a judicial review based on the rule of reason and the proportionality criterion, instead of a full jurisdiction aimed at entirely replacing the ICA decision. The essay suggests a modification in the current analysis of Italian Judicial Review, due to the need of taking into consideration, instead of the “words” and definitions, the real control exerted by Administrative Judge in Italy. Given that the percentage of judicial annulments in Italy testifies an — at least — effective control, we need to consider the real situation. The response doesn’t lie on the ground of by now stereotyped formulas, such as weak vs strong examination, external vs internal control, judicial review vs full jurisdiction, but it stands on the way the review is essentially carried out by Administrative Courts. The current formulas adopted in the rulings (full instead of “weak” control) can be certainly approved, but the Due Process of Law implies also consistent procedural consequences. Not only should the discussion in public hearing be extended, according the notion and legal implications of adversarial proceeding, following the European Court of Justice pattern, but of course, after Article 7 and its binding effect, the control of proofs and economic analysis is worth widening. Even the tools of the organisation of the hearings could be decisive in order to eliminate any residual doubts with respect to the effectiveness of judicial protection.
Nell’attuale scenario, con la Commissione UE e le Autorità di concor- renza degli Stati membri che affrontano nuove sfide provenienti dalle crescenti diseguaglianze, dai grandi poteri nella sharing economy e dalla manipolazione dei big data, l’argomento dell’idoneità del sindacato del giudice amministrativo in Italia sulle decisioni antitrust è tornato di grande attualità. Nonostante la decisione Menarini della Corte europea dei Diritti dell’uomo abbia considerato il sindacato in Italia sulle sanzioni antitrust come una full jurisdiction, c’è una ragione che induce a riprendere il dibattito. Essa proviene dall’efficacia vincolante delle decisioni dell’Autorità garante della concorrenza e del mercato, prevista dall’art. 7, d. lg. n. 3/2017, che recepisce la direttiva n. 104/2014 e riguarda le azioni di danni che seguono le violazioni antitrust (il c.d. private enforcement). Alla luce di questo effetto vincolante, studiosi e pratici stanno sollevando nuovi dubbi sull’adeguatezza del sindacato del g.a. basato sui canoni di ragionevolezza e proporzionalità, anziché su una giurisdizione piena finalizzata ad un giudizio sostitutivo di quello dell’Autorità. L’articolo suggerisce una modifica nell’analisi consueta del sindacato giudiziale, a causa della necessità di prendere in considerazione, anziché le ‘parole’ e le definizioni, il reale controllo esercitato dal g.a. in Italia. Dato che la percentuale di annullamenti giurisdizionali in Italia testimonia certamente un controllo effettivo, va considerata la situazione concreta. La risposta non sta nell’uso di formule ormai stereotipate, come quella di controllo debole o forte, di sindacato esterno o interno, di judicial review anziché full jurisdiction, ma sta nel modo in cui il controllo è sostanzialmente esercitato dal Giudice. Le formule utilizzate nelle sentenze (sindacato forte, anziché debole) possono essere certamente condivise, ma il giusto processo implica anche conseguenze processuali coerenti. Non soltanto la discussione in udienza pubblica merita uno sviluppo adeguato, secondo la nozione e le implicazioni del contraddittorio in questo campo, seguendo il modello della Corte di giustizia dell’Unione europea, ma, dopo l’articolo 7 e il suo effetto vincolante, il controllo dei fatti e dell’analisi economica merita di essere ampliato. Anche gli aspetti organizzativi delle udienze possono essere decisivi al fine di eliminare qualsiasi residuo dubbio sull’attuazione del principio di effettività della tutela giurisdizionale in questo settore.
Giusto processo, sindacato sulle decisioni antitrust e accertamento dei fatti (dopo l'effetto vincolante dell'art. 7, d. lg. 19 gennaio 2017, n.3)
CINTIOLI F
2018-01-01
Abstract
In the current scenario, with EU Commission and NCAs facing new challenges coming up from growing inequalities, huge economic powers in sharing economy and manipulation of the big data, the issue of the suitability of Italian Administrative Judge control over antitrust decisions is again to the fore. Nevertheless the ECHR’s Menarini decision had considered the Italian Judicial control over antitrust fines as “full jurisdiction”, there is a reason which leads to resume this debate. It comes from the binding force of the ICA decisions, provided by Article 7 of the Legislative Decree No. 3/2017, tran- sposing the Directive No. 104/2014 and regarding private enforcement claims. In the light of this mandatory effect, some scholars and pratictioners raise fresh doubts about the appropriateness of a judicial review based on the rule of reason and the proportionality criterion, instead of a full jurisdiction aimed at entirely replacing the ICA decision. The essay suggests a modification in the current analysis of Italian Judicial Review, due to the need of taking into consideration, instead of the “words” and definitions, the real control exerted by Administrative Judge in Italy. Given that the percentage of judicial annulments in Italy testifies an — at least — effective control, we need to consider the real situation. The response doesn’t lie on the ground of by now stereotyped formulas, such as weak vs strong examination, external vs internal control, judicial review vs full jurisdiction, but it stands on the way the review is essentially carried out by Administrative Courts. The current formulas adopted in the rulings (full instead of “weak” control) can be certainly approved, but the Due Process of Law implies also consistent procedural consequences. Not only should the discussion in public hearing be extended, according the notion and legal implications of adversarial proceeding, following the European Court of Justice pattern, but of course, after Article 7 and its binding effect, the control of proofs and economic analysis is worth widening. Even the tools of the organisation of the hearings could be decisive in order to eliminate any residual doubts with respect to the effectiveness of judicial protection.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.