Taking into account the most recent theories of postcolonial literary eco-criticism – which emphasises an eco-centric, and no longer exclusively anthropo-centric, reading of the literary text, outlining a true 'aesthetics of the earth' – this article proposes an analysis of postcolonial literary representations of the Caribbean by authors – including Martin Carter, Jamaica Kincaid, Wilson Harris and Derek Walcott – who dialogue with their land, listen to its voice and capture its most authentic identity, guided by a profound ecological sensibility, which leads them to overcome ancient and modern stereotypes and to the affirmation of identities linked to a mutual sense of belonging. In Caribbean postcolonial eco-narratives, the land holds immense value for the colonized, providing sustenance and dignity, as argued by Martinique author Franz Fanon. It serves as the true witness to the violence and abuses of colonialism, both past empires and present-day neo-colonialism by multinationals. The land safeguards ancestral memories and unspeakable traumas. It transforms into Derek Walcott's historic sea, Martin Carter's dispossessed and violated land demanding to be heard despite losing its language, Jamaica Kincaid's Antigua representing the dualism of paradise and hell, and Wilson Harris's ineffable jungle of abundant nature. The earth is no longer the passive object of a narration, which for centuries has made it part of the process of inventing the other and otherness, but it is itself that tells its story, weaving an intense and revealing dialogue with the writer. The narrative and poetic interweaving that ensues is transformed into an authentic epistemological confrontation, capable of leading the writer to a new awareness of himself and his surroundings, strongly connoted from an eco-logical point of view, in which the dichotomy between man and nature seems to dissolve into a single, fluid identity that encompasses them both, recognising their equal autonomy and dignity.
Tenendo in considerazione le più recenti teorie dell’eco-critica letteraria postcoloniale – che pone l’accento su una lettura eco-centrica, e non più esclusivamente antropo-centrica, del testo letterario, delineando una vera e propria “estetica della terra” – questo articolo propone l’analisi delle rappresentazioni letterarie postcoloniali dei Caraibi di autori – tra i quali Martin Carter, Jamaica Kincaid, Wilson Harris e Derek Walcott – che dialogano con la loro terra, ne ascoltano la voce e ne catturano l’identità più autentica, guidati da una profonda sensibilità ecologica, che li conduce al superamento di antichi e moderni stereotipi e all'affermazione di identità legate ad un reciproco senso di appartenenza. Nelle eco-narrazioni postcoloniali caraibiche, la terra – il più essenziale dei valori per il colonizzato, in quanto fonte di sostentamento e dignità, come sostiene l’autore martinicano Franz Fanon, e vera entità a rendere possibile il processo di riscrittura postcoloniale, secondo Edward Said – è l’unico testimone (non)umano delle violenze e dei soprusi del colonialismo dei passati imperi coloniali e del neocolonialismo delle multinazionali. Custode di memorie ancestrali e indicibili traumi, la terra, intesa come complesso e multiforme ambiente naturale, è il mare di Derek Walcott che si fa Storia; è la terra espropriata, derubata, lacerata e dilaniata nel profondo di Martin Carter, che, seppur privata della sua lingua, reclama ascolto; è Antigua, una piccola isola nella quale Jamaica Kincaid riconosce il dualismo del paradiso e dell’inferno; è la giungla la cui natura lussureggiante appare ineffabile per Wilson Harris. Qualunque siano le molteplici forme che può assumere, la terra non è più l'oggetto passivo di una narrazione, che per secoli l’ha resa parte del processo di invenzione dell’altro e dell’alterità, ma è essa stessa a raccontarsi, tessendo un dialogo intenso e rivelatore con lo scrittore. L'intreccio narrativo e poetico che ne consegue si trasforma in un autentico confronto epistemologico, capace di condurre lo scrittore ad una nuova consapevolezza di sé e dell’ambiente circostante, fortemente connotata dal punto di vista eco-logico, nella quale la dicotomia uomo-natura sembra dissolversi in un’entità identitaria unica e fluida che li comprende entrambi, riconoscendogli pari autonomia e dignità.
Dialogare con la terra: eco-narrazioni ed eco-poetiche caraibiche
Cristina Benicchi
2023-01-01
Abstract
Taking into account the most recent theories of postcolonial literary eco-criticism – which emphasises an eco-centric, and no longer exclusively anthropo-centric, reading of the literary text, outlining a true 'aesthetics of the earth' – this article proposes an analysis of postcolonial literary representations of the Caribbean by authors – including Martin Carter, Jamaica Kincaid, Wilson Harris and Derek Walcott – who dialogue with their land, listen to its voice and capture its most authentic identity, guided by a profound ecological sensibility, which leads them to overcome ancient and modern stereotypes and to the affirmation of identities linked to a mutual sense of belonging. In Caribbean postcolonial eco-narratives, the land holds immense value for the colonized, providing sustenance and dignity, as argued by Martinique author Franz Fanon. It serves as the true witness to the violence and abuses of colonialism, both past empires and present-day neo-colonialism by multinationals. The land safeguards ancestral memories and unspeakable traumas. It transforms into Derek Walcott's historic sea, Martin Carter's dispossessed and violated land demanding to be heard despite losing its language, Jamaica Kincaid's Antigua representing the dualism of paradise and hell, and Wilson Harris's ineffable jungle of abundant nature. The earth is no longer the passive object of a narration, which for centuries has made it part of the process of inventing the other and otherness, but it is itself that tells its story, weaving an intense and revealing dialogue with the writer. The narrative and poetic interweaving that ensues is transformed into an authentic epistemological confrontation, capable of leading the writer to a new awareness of himself and his surroundings, strongly connoted from an eco-logical point of view, in which the dichotomy between man and nature seems to dissolve into a single, fluid identity that encompasses them both, recognising their equal autonomy and dignity.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.